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00

Blutmarker · Bereiche & Quellen

Diese Liste wird automatisch aus dem Pressureproof-Marker-Master erzeugt (Version v3.24). Angezeigt werden nur geprüfte Quellen: Prüfstatus „geprüft“ bzw. DOI oder PMID live gegen CrossRef bzw. PubMed aufgelöst. 994 Zuordnungen geprüfter Quellen (794 verschiedene Veröffentlichungen) zu 191 von 217 Markern. 26 Marker haben noch keine geprüfte Einzelquelle; ihr Bereich stammt aus der Laborreferenz bzw. Leitlinie.

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Vitamin D (25-OH)

3. Vitamine & Mikronährstoffe Marker-Seite →
GruppePressureproof-OptimalbereichStufen außerhalb des Optimums (bzw. Laborbereich)Beleg und Laborreferenz
Alle30 bis 50 ng/mlunter 20 ng/ml deutlich niedrig · über 100 ng/ml deutlich erhöhtReferenz: ausreichend ≥20 ng/ml (IOM/NAM, Ross 2011 DOI 10.1210/jc.2010-2704; EFSA; D-A-CH/DGE 2012 DOI 10.1159/000337547), Mangel <12 ng/ml (IOM). Optimum 30–50 ng/ml (75–125 nmol/l): Mortalitäts-Nadir ~31 ng/ml, Plateau 20–35 ng/ml, kein signifikanter Unterschied 50–125 nmol/l (Gaksch 2017 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0170791); kein fester Zielwert der Endocrine Society (Demay 2024 DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgae290); über ~50 ng/ml kein belegter Zusatznutzen, Risikosignale (Binkley 2025, Burt 2019). Obergrenze Labor 100 ng/ml (Toxizität >100–150). (Leitlinie + Kohorte/IPD-Meta-Analyse)
  1. Vitamin D Deficiency
    Holick M · 2007 · New England Journal of Medicine Review
  2. The 2011 Report on Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: What Clinicians Need to Know
    Ross A et al. · 2011 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Originalarbeit
  3. Vitamin D Supplements and Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease
    Manson J et al. · 2019 · New England Journal of Medicine RCT
  4. Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
    Demay M et al. · 2024 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Leitlinie
  5. Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) and Italian Chapter of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) Position Statement: Clinical Management of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults.
    Cesareo R et al. · 2018 · Nutrients Leitlinie
  6. 25(OH)D3-enriched or fortified foods are more efficient at tackling inadequate vitamin D status than vitamin D3.
    Guo J et al. · 2018 · The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Review
  7. Skeletal and Extraskeletal Actions of Vitamin D: Current Evidence and Outstanding Questions
    Bouillon R et al. · 2019 · Endocrine Reviews Review
  8. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data
    Martineau A et al. · 2017 · BMJ Meta-Analyse
  9. Vitamin D Insufficiency and Epistemic Humility: An Endocrine Society Guideline Communication.
    McCartney CR et al. · 2024 · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Originalarbeit
  10. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation, Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation, or a Strength-Training Exercise Program on Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults
    Bischoff-Ferrari H et al. · 2020 · JAMA RCT
  11. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Vitamin D Status of Apparently Healthy Adults in Worldwide Regions
    Hamza A et al. · 2026 · Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences Meta-Analyse
  12. Supplemental Vitamin D and Incident Fractures in Midlife and Older Adults.
    LeBoff MS et al. · 2022 · The New England journal of medicine RCT
  13. The 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D: what dietetics practitioners need to know.
    Ross AC et al. · 2011 · Journal of the American Dietetic Association Originalarbeit
  14. Vitamin D deficiency and depression in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis
    Anglin R et al. · 2013 · British Journal of Psychiatry Meta-Analyse
  15. Vitamin D deficiency in Europe: pandemic?
    Cashman K et al. · 2016 · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Originalarbeit
  16. Stress-Axis Regulation by Vitamin D3 in Multiple Sclerosis
    Rolf L et al. · 2018 · Frontiers in Neurology Originalarbeit
  17. Vitamin D3 administration prevents memory deficit and alteration of biochemical parameters induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress in rats
    Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi H et al. · 2021 · Scientific Reports Originalarbeit
  18. Vitamin D: Dosing, levels, form, and route of administration: Does one approach fit all?
    Bilezikian J et al. · 2021 · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Review
  19. Brain vitamin D3-auto/paracrine system in relation to structural, neurophysiological, and behavioral disturbances associated with glucocorticoid-induced neurotoxicity
    Lisakovska O et al. · 2023 · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience Originalarbeit
  20. Analysis of the correlation between serum vitamin D and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormone levels in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder
    Ge L et al. · 2025 · Frontiers in Neuroscience Originalarbeit
  21. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Testosterone Levels in Men
    Pilz S et al. · 2011 · Hormone and Metabolic Research RCT
  22. Vitamin D and Testosterone in Healthy Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Lerchbaum E et al. · 2017 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism RCT
  23. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on androgens in men with low testosterone levels: a randomized controlled trial
    Lerchbaum E et al. · 2019 · European Journal of Nutrition RCT
  24. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the androgenic profile in men: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials
    Hosseini Marnani E et al. · 2019 · Andrologia Meta-Analyse
  25. Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Volumetric Bone Density and Bone Strength
    Burt · 2019 · JAMA RCT
  26. Treatment of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Postmenopausal Women
    Hansen · 2015 · JAMA Internal Medicine RCT
  27. Genetic Variants, Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels, and Sarcopenia
    Sha · 2023 · JAMA Network Open Originalarbeit
  28. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels: Variability, Knowledge Gaps, and the Concept of a Desirable Range
    El-Hajj Fuleihan · 2015 · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Review
  29. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Threshold for the Effects of Vitamin D Supplements on Bone Density: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
    Macdonald · 2018 · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research RCT
  30. Association of standardized serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with falls in post-menopausal women
    Binkley · 2025 · Osteoporosis International RCT
  31. Vitamin D and Health Outcomes: State-of-the-Art Review of Triangulated Evidence and Ongoing Controversies
    Dalamaga · 2026 · Current Nutrition Reports Review
  32. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A 14-year prospective cohort study
    Song · 2024 · Clinical Nutrition Originalarbeit
  33. Impact of Vitamin D and Calcium on Falls and Fractures in Older Adults
    Dawson-Hughes · 2025 · Endocrine Practice Review
  34. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Values and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study
    Dudenkov · 2018 · Mayo Clinic Proceedings Originalarbeit
  35. Non-linear association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and cardiovascular outcomes: Evidence from NHANES and mendelian randomization analysis
    Li · 2025 · Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases Originalarbeit
  36. Comparative analysis of nutritional guidelines for vitamin D
    Bouillon · 2017 · Nature Reviews Endocrinology Review
  37. Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: an update on the current status worldwide
    Amrein · 2020 · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Review
  38. The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: evidence from human studies
    Bouillon · 2022 · Nature Reviews Endocrinology Review
  39. The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Musculoskeletal Health: The VITAL and DO-Health Trials
    LeBoff · 2023 · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A Review
  40. Effect of monthly high‐dose vitamin D on bone density in community‐dwelling older adults substudy of a randomized controlled trial
    Reid · 2017 · Journal of Internal Medicine RCT
  41. New Reference Values for Vitamin D
    German Nutrition Society, Bonn, Germany · 2012 · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism Originalarbeit
  42. Circulating 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
    Wang · 2012 · Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes Meta-Analyse
  43. Optimizing serum 25(OH)D levels to mitigate the risk of age-related ocular diseases: insights from a large-scale prospective cohort study
    Huang · 2025 · Nutrition Journal Originalarbeit
  44. Vitamin D Status and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Large Cohort: Results From the UK Biobank
    Fan · 2020 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Originalarbeit
  45. Association Between Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Mortality Among Adults With Prediabetes
    Lu · 2021 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Originalarbeit
  46. Safety of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
    Billington · 2020 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism RCT
  47. Consensus Statement on Vitamin D Status Assessment and Supplementation: Whys, Whens, and Hows
    Giustina · 2024 · Endocrine Reviews Originalarbeit
  48. A Reverse J-Shaped Association of All-Cause Mortality with Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in General Practice: The CopD Study
    Durup · 2012 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Originalarbeit
  49. A Reverse J-Shaped Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: The CopD Study
    Durup · 2015 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Beobachtungsstudie/Kohorte
  50. Vitamin D and mortality: Individual participant data meta-analysis of standardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 26916 individuals from a European consortium
    Gaksch · 2017 · PLOS ONE Meta-Analyse
  51. Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin D, including the derivation of a conversion factor for calcidiol monohydrate
    EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and FoodAllergens (NDA) · 2023 · EFSA Journal Originalarbeit
  52. Rationale and Plan for Vitamin D Food Fortification: A Review and Guidance Paper
    Pilz · 2018 · Frontiers in Endocrinology Review
  53. Immunologic Effects of Vitamin D on Human Health and Disease
    Charoenngam · 2020 · Nutrients Review
  54. Clinical Practice in the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency: A Central and Eastern European Expert Consensus Statement
    Pludowski · 2022 · Nutrients Review
  55. Guidelines for Preventing and Treating Vitamin D Deficiency: A 2023 Update in Poland
    Płudowski · 2023 · Nutrients Review
  56. Meta-Analysis of European Clinical Trials Characterizing the Healthy-Adult Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Response to Vitamin D Supplementation
    Rupprecht · 2023 · Nutrients Meta-Analyse
  57. Rethinking Vitamin D Deficiency: Controversies and Practical Guidance for Clinical Management
    Sosa-Henríquez · 2025 · Nutrients Review
  58. Vitamin D in Cardiovascular Medicine: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Translation
    Varzideh · 2026 · Nutrients Review
  59. Improved Dietary Guidelines for Vitamin D: Application of Individual Participant Data (IPD)-Level Meta-Regression Analyses
    Cashman · 2017 · Nutrients Meta-Analyse
  60. The vitamin D status of Canadians relative to the 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes: an examination in children and adults with and without supplement use
    Whiting · 2011 · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Originalarbeit
  61. Vitamin D deficiency and mortality risk in the general population: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
    Zittermann · 2012 · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Meta-Analyse
  62. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, mortality, and incident cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, cancers, and fractures: a 13-y prospective population study
    Khaw · 2014 · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Originalarbeit
  63. Vitamin D Deficiency Increases Mortality Risk in the UK Biobank
    Sutherland · 2022 · Annals of Internal Medicine Originalarbeit
01

HRV & Vagus-Tonus

Shaffer F. & Ginsberg J. P. (2017). An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms.
Frontiers in Public Health, 5:258. — Standardwerk für HRV-Norm-Werte (RMSSD 19/47 ms als Schwellen).
Laborde S., Mosley E. & Thayer J. F. (2017). Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Vagal Tone in Psychophysiological Research.
Frontiers in Psychology, 8:213. — Methodische Standard-Empfehlungen für HRV-Messung in psychophysiologischer Forschung.
Lehrer P. M. & Gevirtz R. (2014). Heart rate variability biofeedback: how and why does it work?
Frontiers in Psychology, 5:756. — Wirkmechanismus von HRV-Biofeedback als Vagusnerv-Trigger (Pressureproof Breathwork-Modul).
02

Breathwork & Cyclic Sighing

Balban M. Y. et al. (Stanford / Huberman-Lab, 2023). Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal.
Cell Reports Medicine, 4(1):100895. — RCT zur Wirkung von Cyclic-Sighing-Protokoll auf Stimmung und HRV (Frank-Roser-Modul).
03

Schlaf & Kognition

Williamson A. M. & Feyer A. M. (2000). Moderate sleep deprivation produces impairments in cognitive and motor performance equivalent to legally prescribed levels of alcohol intoxication.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 57(10):649–655. — 17 h wach ≈ 0,5 Promille kognitive Beeinträchtigung (Data-Box Quelle).
04

Hormone & Metabolische Marker

Bhasin S. et al. (Endocrine Society, 2018). Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 103(5):1715–1744. — Goldstandard für Testosteron-Norm-Bereiche (380/620 ng/dl als Beispiel-Werte abgeleitet).
American Diabetes Association (2025). Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes — 2025.
Diabetes Care, 48(Suppl. 1). — HbA1c-Schwellen (Normal < 5,7 %, Prädiabetes 5,7–6,4 %, Diabetes ≥ 6,5 %).
CrossRef ✓ 10.2337/dc25-s002 →
05

Inflammation & CV-Risiko

Pearson T. A. et al. (AHA / CDC, 2003). Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease.
Circulation, 107(3):499–511. — hsCRP-Stratifikation (< 1 niedriges / 1–3 mittleres / > 3 hohes Risiko).
06

Stress & Glucocorticoid-Kaskade

Sapolsky R. M., Krey L. C. & McEwen B. S. (Update 2002). The Neuroendocrinology of Stress and Aging: The Glucocorticoid Cascade Hypothesis.
Endocrine Reviews, 7(3):284–301 + SAGE-KE 2002. — Theoretischer Rahmen für chronische Cortisol-Erhöhung und ihre kognitiven/strukturellen Folgen.
07

Branchen- und Wirtschaftszahlen (keine DOI)

DDI – Development Dimensions International (2025). DDI Global Leadership Forecast 2025.
71 % der befragten Führungskräfte berichten von deutlich höherem Stress seit Antritt ihrer aktuellen Rolle. Das misst Stress, nicht Burnout; von Burnout betroffen ist laut derselben Erhebung knapp jede sechste Führungskraft. Befragung von 10.796 Führungskräften weltweit. Industrie-Erhebung (Selbstauskunft), kein peer-reviewed Paper.
LHH (Adecco Group) (2025). LHH Views From the C-Suite 2025.
56 % der befragten C-Level-Führungskräfte berichten von Burnout (2023: 52 %). Selbstauskunft, keine klinische Diagnose. Befragung von 2.675 C-Level-Führungskräften in 10 Ländern. Industrie-Erhebung (Selbstauskunft), kein peer-reviewed Paper.
Erhebung / Schätzung Pressemitteilung LHH, 27.02.2025 →
OECD und Europäische Kommission (2018 (Bezugsjahr 2015)). OECD/EU Health at a Glance: Europe 2018.
Psychische Erkrankungen kosteten die EU-Volkswirtschaften 2015 über 600 Mrd. €, davon 240 Mrd. € durch geringere Beschäftigung und Produktivität. Bezug: psychische Erkrankungen insgesamt, nicht nur Stress. Schätzung für die 28 EU-Länder. Amtliche Schätzung (OECD), Bezugsjahr 2015.
Erhebung / Schätzung oecd.org (Factsheet, 22.11.2018) →
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